How Much is Too Much?
Team sports may be great for kids, but has family life been
squeezed onto the sidelines?
by Regan McMahon
reprinted through the courtesy of Ms.
McMahon and the San Francisco Chronicle

As Friday winds down and colleagues ask,
"Doing anything this weekend?" I have a 10-second debate in my
mind over whether I should tell the truth and watch them recoil
in horror or let them off easy with a simple, "Nothing special,
just the usual kids and sports stuff." If they want the facts,
or if I feel like playing the martyr -- particularly if I can
stupefy the childless -- I'll give them all the gory details.
"Well, on Saturday, Hayley has a soccer game
at 9 on Bay Farm Island, which is about 20 minutes from where we
live in Oakland. Her brother, Kyle, has one at 10 up at Merritt
College in the Oakland Hills, about 15 minutes in the opposite
direction. So my husband will take him to that, and after
Hayley's game is over, we'll drive up there and catch the second
half of his game. Then my husband will ferry Hayley to her
volleyball game in East Oakland by 11:30, while she changes
uniforms in the car and eats the sandwich I've packed. She has a
4-H meeting in Montclair in the afternoon and then a birthday
party at 4, so he'll get her to those while I get Kyle to his
baseball game in Berkeley. Oh, that's right -- I still have to
buy the birthday present for her party ...''
"Gee, I don't know how do you do it,'' the
listener inevitably responds, as he or she backs slowly away,
not sticking around to hear about the crisscrossing logistics of
Sunday.
How do I do it? By living a hectic, stressful
life. But it's the normal life of an involved parent these days.
At least my husband and I share the load. There are single
parents with two or more kids living this same life. And pity
the divorced families shuttling kids, sports schedules and
uniforms between houses. I'll never forget seeing a forlorn
fourth-grade basketball player sit on the bench for an entire
game because even though his San Leandro dad got him to the game
in Oakland, his jersey was at his mom's house in Redwood City.
On a typical weekend, our family of four has
between four and five kids' sports games to attend, in both a
city league and their parochial school league, usually on
opposite sides of town, sometimes in different counties, often
at the same time.
That means my husband and I have to split up,
unavoidably disappointing whoever didn't get Mom or Dad to see
their goal or patch them up when they got injured, cheer their
great save or give comfort on the way home after their side
lost.
And that's just the weekend. In addition to
game days, each team has one or two practices per week that the
kids must fit in around homework, term papers, science fair
projects, social activities and extracurriculars. Still, our
family has it easy compared with those whose kids have made it
onto select Class 1 club teams, such as Bay Oaks Soccer in the
East Bay. Bay Oaks holds practices two or three times a week and
plays 30 to 40 weekends a year. Some weekends, there's one game
Saturday and one Sunday, within an hour's drive from home.
During the out-of-town tournaments, however, they can play up to
four or six games, and the family will be spending the weekend
at a motel in places like Lodi, Modesto, Fresno or Bakersfield.
Alternatively, the parents split up and one
goes to the tournament with the Class 1 club team athlete while
the other one stays home with the other kid or kids, going to
their recreation league (Class 4) games and activities, which
can cause a great strain on family dynamics and fuel sibling
rivalry. One parent I talked to said her son hadn't had a
birthday party in years because his birthday fell at a time when
his younger brother's elite traveling baseball team was in
tournament play up near Chico, and he and his parents were
always there to support him.
So how did we get here? Is there any way out?
There's been an evolution in youth sports, which has been
beneficial to many, especially girls, but has it spun out of
control? Is it nurturing athletes but starving the family? Is
eating dinner together a quaint 20th century pastime? What about
downtime? Does a parent have the right to deny a developing
athlete a chance to join another team or a higher-level team
because she's going crazy from soccer mom overload? Can anyone
strike a balance?
"There is a point at which parents cannot stay
healthy and on board when they're stretched too far,'' says Dr.
Sharon Kappleman, an educational psychologist who has worked at
three East Bay Catholic K-8 schools for 25 years, in addition to
a private practice in Lafayette, and is the mother of two girls
in public high school. "So I think there is some kind of a
balance. And it doesn't mean there's some absolute balance. But
I think it's really vital that parents and kids are home with
downtime, doing nothing."
A study by the University of Michigan
Institute for Social Research found that from 1981 through 1997,
children's time spent playing structured sports increased by 25
percent, and time spent in unstructured play fell by about the
same amount. The study also found that kids have 12 fewer hours
of free time a week, eat fewer family dinners, have fewer family
conversations per week and take fewer family vacations.
Children's passive spectator leisure, such as watching a sibling
play sports, increased from 30 minutes a week to more than three
hours.
Dr. Alvin Rosenfeld, co-author with Nicole
Wise of "The Overscheduled Child: Avoiding the Hyper-Parenting
Trap,'' has said that afterschool activities are good in
moderation, but "we're buying into an overscheduled lifestyle
and it's burning kids out.'' He warns that parents are turning
childhood into a rat race, and that what children need is
creativity, which comes with free time.
"I think each family has to ask themselves,
'Is this healthy?' '' Kappleman says. "And if it's best for the
child that they stay in a couple of sports, that it's really,
truly something that child can handle, then they have to figure
out some way of doing it so that one or both of their parents
are not becoming ill from it. There isn't a neat answer,
frankly.''
Joe Di Prisco, a parenting expert and
co-author with Mike Riera of "Field Guide to the American
Teenager" and "Right from Wrong: Instilling a Sense of Integrity
in Your Child,'' offers a historical perspective. "In the past
10 years the landscape has changed dramatically for girls in
sports, ever since Title IX passed in '72. (Title IX is an
amendment to the civil rights bill meant to end gender
discrimination; it led to an explosion in sports programs for
girls from elementary school through college.) So things have
been changing over time. But Baby Boomers whose kids are now in
middle school or starting high school -- they're the ones who
are challenging the assumptions and values of family life."
Boys always had opportunities for hockey,
Little League, Pop Warner football and school basketball teams,
CYO and PAL leagues. But not everyone joined a team. Pre-high
school age girls mainly did individual sports like ice skating.
I was a competitive figure skater from second through 10th
grade, but my parents would just drop me off at the rink, and
competitions only happened a few times a year. It wasn't until
girls' athletics became big and soccer became universally played
by girls and boys, regardless of athletic potential and starting
in kindergarten, that the focus shifted. Now parents are huddled
on the sidelines, commuter mug in hand, for nearly every game
and many practices, often with siblings in tow.
"I think the difference is that now the whole
family is involved,'' says Dana Iscoff, a San Francisco
psychotherapist. "Before, the whole setup was different.
Everyone went to neighborhood schools, kids walked or rode their
bikes to baseball practice. Now it's double the burden. If you
had one kid in team sports, you only had to go to one game. But
now, if you have two or more, you're running all over trying to
attend everybody's practices and games and get everybody here
and there. Since girls have been more involved, it's just more
burden and more decision-making for the family. I hear this from
my patients all the time.
"There is no right or wrong,'' says Iscoff.
"There is no one answer. Each family has to set their own values
about what's important and what kinds of decisions they're going
to be making. There's also this anxiety that parents have that
if their children don't find some sort of passion for themselves
they're going to go onto the streets and become drug addicts.
And it's nice to see a child develop a passion. That's the other
side of it.
"A lot of people don't see joining an elite
team and having everything revolve around sports as 'giving up'
family life. But in fact this becomes the family life. It's a
different philosophy. It becomes the family model.''
Barbara Irias works full time as an account
manager at an advertising and publicity firm in Alameda and
lives in Walnut Creek. With her blended family of five kids, she
doesn't need more reasons to run around. Still, she let her
sixth-grade daughter, Shannon, join Bay Oaks last August. "I
told her she could join, but she couldn't do any other sports,"
Irias says. "So she's no longer doing volleyball or basketball
or cross country [with her school teams]. That was our
compromise. Because that would be just nuts. I'd never see the
rest of my family.''
People draw the line where they can, but it's
not easy. Irias says this year Shannon has "really missed not
doing the other sports. She likes many other things. She wants
to play basketball and volleyball, she'd like to take dance
lessons and be in the Drama Club. I think she's a little too
young to just be dedicated to one sport.''
The American Academy of Pediatrics issued a
policy statement in July 2000 advocating that children not
specialize in a sport at least until age 12 or 13, when they're
more emotionally and physically mature. Their No. 1
recommendation states, "Children are encouraged to participate
in sports at a level consistent with their abilities and
interests. Pushing children beyond these limits is discouraged,
as is specialization in a single sport before adolescence.''
Andy Bonchonsky, director of coaching for Bay
Oaks, says a third of his club's players are multisport
athletes, and that the club doesn't prevent kids from
participating in other sports. In the materials handed to
parents of players on an under-11 boy's team, for example, the
coach states that kids who play Little League are allowed to
miss one soccer practice per week. Yet some parents report that
not all of the coaches are so accommodating. Bonchonsky says the
club makes it clear that if kids join at the elite level, when
there's a scheduling conflict, the player's first commitment is
to the soccer team.
Alexi Papas, an Alameda soccer player who's in
her sixth year of playing for Bay Oaks, gave up softball and
basketball in middle school because of the demands of her elite
soccer club. But last fall, as a freshman at Bishop O'Dowd High
School in Oakland, she somehow found the time and energy to go
out for another sport.
"I made the varsity cross country team and we
got second in the state, and I got third place. It did conflict
with my Bay Oaks team a little bit. I had to miss a few soccer
practices for the track meets, but I never missed a soccer
practice for a cross-country practice, and I don't think I
missed any soccer games -- possibly one.''
She says her soccer coach wasn't too happy
about it, "but in the end I think he tried to understand. I
tried to explain it to him that I can't just not try a different
sport out that I think I have a lot of potential in. I made it
clear to him that I really enjoy soccer more. He told me the
possible negative aspects of me doing it. Obviously missing
practice would affect my playing time. But I understood that.
And that's fair.'' (She also plays soccer for O'Dowd. Bay Oaks'
schedule doesn't conflict with the high school soccer season.)
"Part of growing up is having to make
choices," therapist Iscoff says. "That is also something we as
parents have to give our kids. It's not just giving them
opportunities, it's also giving them the capacity to make
choices. Sometimes you can't do both things, so how do you make
that decision? And how do you deal with the loss? But that's
part of what life is about: You can't do it all.''
Unfortunately, that's what Baby Boomers are
all about: having it all. Which may explain Boomer parents'
desire to lead their children to greatness in any and all
fields. Some parents push their kids to join elite teams at a
young age. Class 1 youth soccer starts at the under-6 age group,
which means 5- year-olds, although Bay Oaks doesn't start until
under 10, which means 8- and 9-year-olds. Tournaments and state
cup competition start at under 11.
Isn't that too young to have kids committed to
one sport and playing at such an intense level? "Part of it is
our culture,'' says Jeff Green, assistant coach of the State
Girls' Soccer team for the age group born in 1990. "We put a
bigger emphasis on winning than we do on playing for the love of
the game. Our culture's all about winning. I don't agree with
it, but that's the way it is. Of course there's also the lure of
a college scholarship.''
"The fact is, only maybe 1 percent of these
kids is ever going to make it to a college team,'' Di Prisco
says. "But parents can't hear that. So there's a lot of delusion
going on.''
Green's two daughters played on Bay Oaks, and
one went on to the next level, the Olympic Development Program,
and is now a junior in college, playing soccer for UC Davis. His
other daughter dropped out of Bay Oaks when she was in high
school. She played soccer for Piedmont High, but she dropped the
club team commitment to have time to pursue other interests, a
choice Green says he supported. "There are a lot of healthy
benefits to sticking with the sport,'' Green says, "when the
child -- and this is the important part - - when the child
decides that she wants to stick with the sport. What clearly
becomes unhealthy is when the parents decide and keep pushing
the child to do something she doesn't want to do.''
One Piedmont mother of three who had a
daughter on Bay Oaks for two years told me she hated how it
limited her family's freedom, especially for things like when
they could take their family vacation, and was glad when her
daughter quit. Still, despite the hardship, the mother says she
saw it as an investment, the benefits of which could be paid out
later.
"Who are the kids who get into trouble in high
school? The ones who have nothing to do,'' she says. "The kids
involved in team sports are too busy to get into trouble! Plus
they learn discipline and focus and develop confidence. And now
that she's quit the club team, she has an appreciation for the
precious value of free time that her sisters will never have.''
Not that she's got oodles of time on her hands; she made the
junior varsity basketball team, and may play club basketball
this spring.
Bay Oaks coaching director Bonchonsky reports
that he's encountered many parents who demand more of their kids
than the coaches do. "I see families that are so obsessed with
their kids being the best that they do more than is healthy.''
He coached a team that won the state cup in January, competed
throughout the spring and at the regionals in June, and thought
they deserved a respite. "I remember sitting in a parent group
and talking to a parent who wanted their kid to go to a
three-day tournament in Sacramento in 100-degree weather three
weeks after the regionals. I said, 'These kids need a break.'
And the parent was like, 'No, we've got to keep playing.'"
John McMannis, who was president of Bay Oaks
for three years and just stepped down in December, says, "There
are a lot of Walter Mitty parents who are living their
unsuccessful athletic careers through their kids. There's the
type-A, let's-win-win-win parent who thinks if x amount (of
games and practices) is good, 3x must be better. That's why we
are major advocates for the Positive Coaching Alliance.'' (The
PCA is a program started at Stanford in 1998 that offers
training workshops to coaches and parents to challenge the
prevalent win-at-all-costs mentality and create a positive youth
sports culture.)
Things get easier for the harried
overscheduled parents when their children are in high school.
Kids figure out what sport to focus on, they practice after
school at school, they can take the team bus to games, or after
a point they can drive themselves. The real burden is in grade
school and middle school, when kids depend on the parents to
drive them all over the place amid all these scheduling
conflicts. And the real "hot button,'' Di Prisco says, is the
elite club teams, which have so much status attached to them and
place such demands on families. He says he heard of a place on
the East Coast where they've banned club sports. "The parents
took a vote and boycotted them. They said, 'We've had enough.
We've given up enough time to this. We're not doing it anymore.'
''
"There is an element in every competitive
sport where people are over the top,'' McMannis says. "We have
coaches that think soccer is the most important thing on the
face of the earth, and as a club and as a society we need to
curb that. But the No. 1 influence on kids is their peers. And
the values of a soccer team, and the teammates you get and the
goals of teamwork and discipline -- I would much rather have my
kid be over the top in association with those peers than with
other peers.''
"The biggest crime is there's too much
organized sport and not enough kids just going out to the yard
and kicking the ball around,'' coach Green says. "Things are out
of balance in that regard. Kids don't even think about it.
They'd be much more inclined to pick up their PlayStation than
to grab a ball, call up some friends and say, 'Hey, let's go to
the schoolyard' and play basketball, football or soccer. If it's
not an organized game, they don't do it.''
"Team sports are great if they're organized
the right way and if their purpose is clearly articulated:" says
Di Prisco, "that it's about sportsmanship, playing hard,
competition, respect for your opponent, respect for the game
and, to quote Bob Ladouceur, the football coach at De La Salle
High School in Concord, it's about love -- loving your
teammates. So those are great things.
"But here's something you don't learn from
team sports: how to be alone. And what are we talking about
here? The development of a child, at any age. And if your child
is so programmed into finding meaning exclusively or
predominantly through team sports, then there's not a lot of
opportunity to be alone, to entertain oneself, to take chances.
"If parents could just keep it in their minds
that this is for the development of these kids, not some
mythical goal of success. If they could just ask themselves,
'What's going to help my kid grow physically, emotionally,
psychologically?' then I think they could get back some of this
power, which now the coaches have. But I think it might take a
whole generation. There needs to be a little sanity here. I
think there needs to be time off. I don't think seasons should
run consecutively. I think parents should take back their lives,
should take back family life. I think they can.''
Revolution in the bleachers! Circle the
minivans! Stress is the name of the game we're playing, and
without change, the family will be the big loser. When the
basketball coach schedules a tournament on Thanksgiving weekend,
I could step up and say, "No, that's family time." When my kid
asks to play two sports in the same season, maybe it's time to
say, "Choose one."
Let's step back and ask ourselves if the
revved-up course we're on is the only way to live. Even the best
teams sometimes readjust their strategy midseason.
Regan McMahon is The Chronicle's assistant
book editor.
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